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Northern whiting
The northern whiting, ''Sillago sihama'' (also known as the silver whiting and sand smelt), is a marine fish, the most widespread and abundant member of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The northern whiting was the first species of sillaginid scientifically described and is therefore the type species of both the family Sillaginidae and the genus ''Sillago''. The species is distributed in the Indo-Pacific region from South Africa in the west to Japan and Indonesia in the east, also becoming an invasive species to the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. The northern whiting inhabits coastal areas to 60 m, but is most often found in shallow water around bays and estuaries, often entering freshwater. It is a carnivore, taking a variety of polychaetes and crustaceans. The species is of major economic importance throughout the Indo-Pacific, being the most frequently taken sillaginid by seine nets and cast nets and marketed fresh.
==Taxonomy==
The northern whiting is one of 29 species in the genus ''Sillago'', which is one of three genera in the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The smelt-whitings are Perciformes in the suborder Percoidea.
The northern whiting was first described by Peter Forsskål in 1775 under the name ''Atherina sihama'', mistaking the fish as a species of hardyhead. The species was subsequently placed in the genus ''Platycephalus'', before its true identity as a new genus was realized and ''Sillago'' was created in 1816. This was the first description and naming of any smelt-whiting, even though the author initially placed the species in the wrong genus. This makes ''S. sihama'' the type species of its genus, ''Sillago'', as well as the type species of the family Sillaginidae, which was not to be named until 1846. However, Forsskål's name was not the only one applied to the species, with three other names given to the fish after the first correct naming. Two of these, ''S. acuta'' and ''S. erythraea'' were made by Georges Cuvier, and the other, ''Sciaena malabarica'' by Bloch and Schneider. These later names are junior synonyms and are discarded under the ICZN rules.〔
Due to its wide distribution, the species has been applied a number of common names, with northern whiting, silver whiting, sand smelt and silver sillago the most common English names.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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